The Snapdragon 845 - A Quick Recap

Starting with Qualcomm's Snapdragon 845 – we already extensively covered during the December launch announcement as well as Qualcomm’s traditional performance preview most recently in February.

Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 vs 835
SoC Snapdragon 845 Snapdragon 835
CPU 4x Kryo 385 Gold (A75 derivative)
@ 2.8GHz 4x256KB L2

4x Kryo 385 Silver (A55 derivative)
@ 1.77GHz 4x128KB L2

2MB L3 @ 1478MHz
4x Kryo 280 Gold (A73 derivative)
@ 2.45GHz 2MB L2

4x Kryo 280 Silver (A53 derivative)
@ 1.90GHz 1MB L2
GPU Adreno 630 @ 710MHz Adreno 540 @ 670/710MHz
Memory 4x 16-bit CH @ 1866MHz
LPDDR4x
29.9GB/s

3MB system cache
4x 16-bit CH @ 1866MHz
LPDDR4x
29.9GB/s
ISP/Camera Dual 14-bit Spectra 280 ISP
1x 32MP or 2x 16MP
Dual 14-bit Spectra 180 ISP
1x 32MP or 2x 16MP
Encode/
Decode
2160p60 10-bit H.265
720p480
2160p30 (2160p60 decode),
1080p120 H.264 & H.265
Integrated Modem Snapdragon X20 LTE
(Category 18/13)

DL = 1200Mbps
5x20MHz CA, 256-QAM

UL = 150Mbps
2x20MHz CA, 64-QAM
Snapdragon X16 LTE
(Category 16/13)

DL = 1000Mbps
3x20MHz CA, 256-QAM

UL = 150Mbps
2x20MHz CA, 64-QAM
Mfc. Process 10nm LPP 10nm LPE

The Snapdragon 845 is the first SoC to adopt ARM’s new DynamIQ CPU topology and cores. The new configuration includes a larger coherent cluster instead of separate clusters for the little and big cores. While this new configuration allows for better performance and core configuration scaling, Qualcomm opted to continue the traditional 4+4 CPU set that we’ve seen with the Snapdragon 835. The performance core comprise of the Kryo 385 Gold cores which are derivative of ARM’s Cortex-A75’s and are running at up to 2803MHz. The efficiency cores are the Kryo 385 Silver cores which are based on ARM Cortex-A55’s and are running at up to 1766MHz.

Among the big improvements of the Snapdragon 845 includes the introduction of the new X20 modem which supports LTE UE Category up to 18 in the downstream and Category 13 in the upstream.

The Snapdragon 845 is also the first SoC from Qualcomm to adopt the new in-house designed Adreno 630 which marks a generational leap in the graphics department. I can confirm that Qualcomm continues the trend of trying to maintain clock frequencies between generations and the Adreno 630 in the Galaxy S9 comes in at 710MHz – a bump from the 670MHz in the Galaxy S8 but the same as other Snapdragon 835 devices. We’ll be having a more in-depth evaluation of the new Adreno in the GPU part of the review later on.

Unique for Android SoCs is also the first time introduction of a new system wide “L4” cache 3MB in size which is meant to reduce system memory access not only from the CPUs but also every other IP block in the SoC, thus gaining power efficiency.


Snapdragon 845 Floor Plan. Image Credit TechInsights

Our friends at TechInsights this week were able to publish a die shot of the Snapdragon 845, and it’s interesting to see the changes compared to the Snapdragon 835. Because the Snapdragon 845 is manufactured on Samsung’s 10LPP process, there aren’t any new density improvements over last year’s 10LPE Snapdragon 835. Naturally because the new SoC includes new IP and improvements, die size has increased from 72.3mm² to around 94mm².

The biggest contributor of this increase will be the new system cache, which is part of the area that TechInsights (erroneously in my belief) marked as the DSP. Here we four new blocks to what I think are simply four banks of SRAM and their arbitration logic and their responsibility is divided among the four memory controller channels.

On the CPU side we see the new DSU lying in-between the A55 cores with the A75 cores spread around the little cores and the DSU. The 2MB L3 cache a big unified block alongside the DSU and little cores. Based on TechInsights preliminary low-res picture, the CPU complex comes in at 11.39mm² with an A75+L2 core coming in at 1.57mm² and the A55+L2 coming in at ~0.53mm².

The Adreno 630 seems to have consolidated a lot of its inner components. We still see a clear 4-shader core arrangement, however instead of having one adjacent block next each shader core we now see a larger block shared among two shader cores. The shader cores are also vastly improved as they have doubled the ALU pipelines. On the die shot it looks like the GPU actually only has 2 separate units, and this is confirmed by the drivers of the Snapdragon 845: instead of a quad-core Adreno 540, the Adreno 630 is a dual-core GPU. The texture units/ROPs/GMEM blocks have also been consolidated from four units down to two larger blocks, with a 50% increase in texture throughput. Overall there’s been extensive rework throughout the GPU resulting in a “simplified” configuration that seems to be forward-looking in terms of future scalability. Qualcomm has also achieved this in a mere ~10.69mm², making the Adreno 630 the by far smallest high-end GPU in the mobile space by a significant margin.

In terms of CPU performance, the new Kryo 385 Gold cores shouldn’t veer off much from ARM’s Cortex A75 microarchitecture. We’ve extensively covered the improvements in last year’s Tech Day reveal article. Overall the Cortex A75 is a strong successor to the A73 but refines the microarchitecture in terms of memory performance and especially floating point performance.

Following the performance preview of the Snapdragon 845 in February I noted that I was a bit disappointed in the end-performance of the CPUs as they did not reach ARM’s quoted performance targets. I want to revisit this a bit attempt to try to explain the different factors that lead to it.

Firstly ARM’s performance figures were projected on a configuration of A75 coupled with 512KB L2 caches. Qualcomm opted to use 256KB caches which may account for a few percentages in performance.

The new memory subsystem of the Snapdragon 845 also isn’t without faults: the initial increased DRAM memory latency that we measured on Qualcomm’s QRD845 reference platform is definitely carrying over to retail consumer devices, as the Galaxy S9 exhibits the same behaviour. This is quite a disappointing characteristic to find as it will counteract a lot of performance gains – especially in memory latency sensitive workloads – which we’ll confirm later on in the SPEC benchmarking portion.

Finally, one big question that Qualcomm teased about in its announcement event, is the configuration of the DSU. Qualcomm explained that the CPU complex was powered by three voltage planes – and I can confirm that my initial assessment was correct as two frequency and voltage planes power the little and big cores, and the third voltage plane powers the DSU/L3 and the cDSP (On of the various DSPs). The frequency here tops out at 1478MHz which is a tad lower than I had expected.

When reading ARM’s TRM (Technican Reference Manual) of the DSU, we see one particular claim regarding the recommended clocks of the L3 in relation to the CPU clocks:

"SCLK frequency affects the L3 hit latency and, therefore, it is important for achieving good performance. For best performance, ARM recommends running SCLK as close to CORECLK[CN:0] frequency as possible. However to reduce dynamic and leakage power, targeting a lower frequency might be required. Running SCLK at least approximately 75% of the CORECLK[CN:0] frequency might give an appropriate balance for many systems."

The Snapdragon’s big cores run at up to 2803MHz so running the L3 at up to only 1478MHz represents only 52% of the peak frequency. We’re not able to judge what kind of performance impact Qualcomm’s configuration has, but it looks like there will be some sort of degradation compared to an optimally run system.

All in all – the reduced 256KB cache, DRAM memory latency degradation as well as the more conservative maximum frequency of the L3 all can add up and may explain why the Snapdragon 845 wasn’t able to quite reach ARM’s projections on performance of the new core.

In general the Snapdragon 845 looks like a great SoC on paper – there should be good CPU improvements as well as excellent GPU leaps, but that’s no news given that we knew that from the performance preview. The only remaining question is power efficiency, which we’ll be looking at shortly after we cover the competition’s SoC.

Specifications, Design, & Features The Exynos 9810 - Introducing Meerkat
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  • jospoortvliet - Monday, March 26, 2018 - link

    Thou did an amazing job explaining/analysing why the Exynos performs so bad in practice for a SOC with such powerful cores. THANK YOU for that as it has been missing from every other test, leaving readers speculating. I hope SAMSUNG can address these problems and shame on them for releasing a devise with such a bad tuning! Makes them look bad and incompetent, honestly, their software/kernel team needs a real kick in the but for making the CPU design team look so bad! Perhaps indeed the M3 hasn't caught up to the efficiency of Qualcomm but the (relatively) horrible performance in tests is certainly not due to bad SOC design...
  • tvdang7 - Monday, March 26, 2018 - link

    LTE battery test?
  • SirCanealot - Tuesday, March 27, 2018 - link

    No idea if this is current information, but Andrei has started in the past that he has really spotty reception where he is based; so I believe it is difficult for him to test battery life for cellular connections. Please correct me if I am wrong :)
  • Andrei Frumusanu - Wednesday, March 28, 2018 - link

    We've learned a lot about cellular testing and the sheer amount of variables that aren't controllable are crazy. For one I found out the carrier that I was on didn't have CDRX enabled on its base stations which worsened power usage by up to 30% on the handset. Since then I have a different carrier and better signal, but there's still questions about how representative the results are.

    For this review I didn't have time to test all devices since I have to do it sequentially while for Wi-Fi testing I can have all devices running at the same time.
  • robertkoa - Monday, July 9, 2018 - link

    Yes. On my recently acquired [ 2 weeks ] I get very long Screen On Times [Qualcomm USAversion] in large part I assume to :
    ALWAYS have 2 to 5 bars of 4GLTE Signal from Metro PCS/ TMobile Towers- with 4 and 5 Bars inside large Malls (!). [ Phone NEVER changes Bands on Display ].
    ■Also - indoors I like low screen brightness. 30%
    ■I have very few APPS that are allowed to send Notifications.
    ■No SITES can send Notifications.
    ■All/ Most Options are OFF or asleep till I need them - Location/Sync/ Wifi/ etc etc etc
    ■ I use the Battery Maintenance "OPTIMIZE" a few times a day - there is no downside - Apps it puts to sleep come right back.
    ■ Apps don't choose to turn on things or use Battery as much as I can stop them ...lol.

    First Nonremovable Battery Device....so a little overvigilant right now.
    INCLUDING: not sure IF I will dowload HUGE 750 meg Update File of 'security updates' - I feel it might include constant background running processes and a larger Operating System and cost me battery life.
    I can browse on 4G LTE 8 to 10 hours with 8 to 10 hours SOT now.
    With an hour of calls and 45 minutes Youtube included ...7 to 8 hours SOT.
  • pjcamp - Monday, March 26, 2018 - link

    Does it have a UI? Because I see no evidence of that in the index to this review. I haven't owned a Samsung since the S3 -- in Touchwiz still a shi77y thing?
  • babadivad - Friday, April 13, 2018 - link

    "Does it have a UI??"

    You could't interact with it at all if it didn't have a UI.
  • tipoo - Monday, March 26, 2018 - link

    A little interesting that the four 'big' cores are smaller than the four 'little' cores, such that they would have used less die space with 8 of the gold. But I assume that's because more transistors were spent making X performance level more efficient.
  • tipoo - Monday, March 26, 2018 - link

    Also interesting how much we're still learning anew about the iPhone X display and how much Apple thought of that we still hadn't puzzled out, that the processing is very different than Samsungs despite being made by them.
  • id4andrei - Monday, March 26, 2018 - link

    Samsung "cobbled" color profiles to Android in an effort to provide some color management. Ios is still the only mobile os with a proper color management system. Until Google does the same, ios will be better, even if the iphone has lcd.

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